Major Collaborations
A few of my major collaborations, and accompanying websites, are given below.
Carribean, Central, and South American network for HIV Epidemiology (CCASAnet) link
International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) link
Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (TN-CFAR) link
Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health link
Nigerian Biostatistics Training Program
Vanderbilt-Nigeria Biostatistics Training Program link
2025 Workshop: Analysis with Missing Data link
Shepherd BE, Hussaini N, Ingles D, Cassell H, Wester CW, Aliyu M. Training the next generation of biostatisticians in West Africa: the Vanderbilt Nigeria Biostatistics Training Program (VN-BioStat). Journal of Global Health Reports 2023; 7: e2023067. link
Shepherd BE, Hussaini N, Huang A, Van Wyk C, Kowalski MS, Ingles DJ, Wester CW, Li C, Aliyu MH. The Vanderbilt Nigeria Biostatistcs Training Program (VN-BioStat): results from a skills workshop. International Journal of Statistics and Probability 2023; 12: 66-72. link
A Few Selective HIV Research Papers
There are stories behind each of these papers, but it is too much to write them all up. Anyway, this gives you a feel for some of the HIV research I have been involved in since 2000. A complete list of all of my papers is on my CV.
Mwachari CW, Shepherd BE, Cleopa O, Odhiambo JA, Cohen CR. Mortality and burden of disease in a cohort of HIV-seropositive adults in Nairobi, Kenya. International Journal of STD and AIDS 2004; 15: 120-126. link
Gilbert PB, Ackers M, Berman PW, Francis DP, Popovic V, Hu D, Heyward WL, Sinangil F, Shepherd BE, Gurwith M. HIV-1 virologic and immunologic progression and antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-1-infected participants in an efficacy trial of recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005; 192: 974-983. link
Hulgan T, Shepherd BE, Raffanti SP, Fusco JS, Beckerman R, Barkanic G, Sterling TR. Absolute and percentage CD4+ lymphocytes are independent predictors of disease progression in HIV-infected persons initiating HAART. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007; 195: 425-431. link
Tuboi SH, Schechter M, McGowan CC, Cesar C, Krolewiecki A, Cahn P, Wolff M, Pape JW, Padgett D, Madero JS, Gotuzzo E, Masys DR, Shepherd BE. Mortality during the first year of potent antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients in 7 sites throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2009; 51: 615-623. link
Fink VI, Shepherd BE, Cesar C, Krolewiecki A, Wehbe F, Cortes CP, Crabtree-Ramirez B, Padgett D, Shafaee M, Schechter M, Gotuzzo E, Bacon M, McGowan C, Cahn P, Masys D. Cancer in HIV-infected persons from the Caribbean, Central and South America. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2011; 56: 467-473. link
Pettit AC, Jenkins CA, Stinnette S, Rebeiro P, Blackwell R, Raffanti SP, Shepherd BE, Sterling TR. Tuberculosis risk before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation: Does HAART increase the short-term TB risk in a low incidence TB setting? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2011; 57: 305-310. link
Shepherd BE, Jenkins CA, Parrish DD, Glass TR, Cescon A, Masabeu A, Chene G, de Wolf F, Crane HM, Jarrin I, Gill J, del Amo J, Abgrall S, Khaykin P, Lehmann C, Ingle SM, May MT, Sterne JAC, Sterling TR; the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. Higher rates of AIDS during the first year of antiretroviral therapy among migrants: the importance of tuberculosis. AIDS 2013; 27: 1321-1329. link
Boulle A, Schomaker M, May MT, Hogg RS, Shepherd BE, Monge S, Keiser O, Lampe F, Giddy J, Ndirangu J, Garone D, Fox M, Ingle SM, Reiss P, Dabis F, Costagliola D, Castagna A, Ehren K, Campbell C, Gill MJ, Saag M, Justice AC, Guest J, Crane HM, Egger M, Sterne JAC. Mortality in patients with HIV-1 infection starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa, Europe or North America: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. PLoS Medicine 2014; 11: e1001718. link
Cesar C, Koethe JR, Giganti MJ, Rebeiro P, Althoff KN, Napravnik S, Mayor A, Grinsztejn B, Wolff M, Padgett D, Sierra-Madero J, Gotuzzo E, Sterling TR, Willig J, Levison J, Kitahata M, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Moore RD, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Cahn P for CCASAnet and NA-ACCORD. Health outcomes among HIV-infected Latinos initiating antiretroviral therapy in North America versus Central and South America. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016; 19: 20684. link
Castilho JL, Shepherd BE, Koethe JR, Turner M, Bebawy S, Logan J, Rogers WB, Raffanti S, Sterling TR. CD4/CD8 ratio, age, and risk of serious non-communicable diseases in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2016; 30: 899-908. link
Aliyu MH, Blevins M, Audet CM, Kalish M, Gebi UI, Onwujekwe O, Lindegren ML, Shepherd BE, Wester CW, Vermund SH. Integrated prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services, antiretroviral therapy initiation, and maternal and infant retention in care in rural north-central Nigeria: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV 2016; 3: e202-211. link
Norwood J, Koethe JR, Turner M, Bofill C, Rebeiro P, Shepherd BE, Bebawy S, Hulgan T, Raffanti S, Haas DW, Sterling TR. Weight gain in persons with HIV switched from efavirenz-based to integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimens. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2017; 76: 527-531. link
Oliver CD, Rebeiro PF, Shepherd BE, Keruly J, Mayer KH, Mathews WC, Turan B, Moore RD, Crane HM, Geng E, Napravnik S, Kitahata MM, Mugavero MJ, Pettit AC. Clinic-level factors associated with retention in care among people living with HIV in a multi-site United States cohort, 2010-2016. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020; 71: 2592-8. link
Koenig SP, Kim A, Shepherd BE, Cesar C, Veloso V, Cortes CP, Padgett D, Crabtree-Ramirez B, Gotuzzo E, McGowan CC, Sterling TR, Pape JW. Increased Mortality after Tuberculosis Treatment Completion in Persons with HIV in Latin America. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020; 71: 215-217. link
Pereira GFM, Kim A, Jalil EM, Fonseca FF, Shepherd BE, Veloso VG, Rick F, Ribeiro R, Pimenta MC, Beber A, Correa RG, Lima R, Maruri F, McGowan CC, Benzaken A, Grinsztejn B, Castilho JL. Dolutegravir and pregnancy outcomes among women on ART in Brazil: a national cohort study. Lancet HIV 2021; 8: e33-e41. link
Patel R, Amorim G, Jakait B, Shepherd BE, Mocello R, Musick B, Bernard C, Onono M, Bukusi E, Wools-Kaloustian K, Cohen C, Yiannoutsos C. Pregnancies among women living with HIV using contraceptives and antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Medicine 2021; 13: 178. link
Wudil UJ, Aliyu MH, Prigmore HL, Ingles DJ, Ahonkhai AA, Musa, BM, Muhammad H, Sani MU, Nalado AM, Abdu A, Abdussalam K, Shepherd BE, Dankishiya FS, Burgner AM, Ikizler TA, Wyatt CA, Kopp JB, Kimmel PL, Winkler CA, Wester CW. Apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) risk variants and associated kidney phenotypes in an adult HIV cohort in Nigeria. Kidney International 2021; 100: 146-154. link
Castilho JL, Bian A, Jenkins CA, Shepherd BE, Sigel K, Gill MJ, Kitahata MM, Silverberg MJ, Mayor AM, Coburn SB, Wiley D, Achenbach CJ, Marconi VC, Bosch RJ, Horberg HA, Rabkin CS, Napravnik S, Novak RM, Mathews WC, Thorne JE, Sun J, Althoff KN, Moore RD, Sterling TR, Sudenga SL. CD4/CD8 ratio and cancer risk among adults with HIV. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2022; 114: 854-862. link
Wanjalla CN, Temu TM, Mashayekhi M, Warren CM, Shepherd BE, Gangula R, Fuseini H, Bailin S, Gabriel CL, Gangula P, Madhur MS, Kalams S, Mallal SA, Harrison DG, Beckman JA, Koethe JR. Interleukin-17A is associated with flow-mediated dilation and interleukin-4 with carotid plaque in persons with HIV. AIDS 2022; 36: 963-973. link
Person AK, Crabtree-Ramirez B, Kim A, Veloso V, Maruri F, Wandeler G, Fox M, Moore RD, Gill MJ, Imran D, Van Nguyen K, Nalitya E, Muyindike W, Shepherd BE, McGowan CC. Cryptococcal Meningitis and Clinical Outcomes in Persons with HIV: A Global View. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2023; 76: 2116-2125. link
Ahonkhai AA, Bian A, Robbins NN, Maurer LA, Clouse K, Pierce LJ, Perkins JM, Wernke SA, Shepherd BE, Brantley M. Characterizing residential mobility among people living with HIV in Tennessee and its impact on HIV care outcomes. AIDS 2024; 38: 397-405. link
Audet CM, Graves E, Shepherd BE, Prigmore HL, Brooks HL, Emilio A, Matino A, Paulo P, Diemer MA, Frisby M, Sack DE, Aboobacar A, Barreto E, Van Rompaey S, De Shacht C. Partner-based HIV treatment for seroconcordant couples attending antenatal and postnatal care in rural Mozambique: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2024; 96: 259-269. link
Archived Analyses
The code for many of our papers has been posted at the following link: link